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The  number of trinucleotide repeats [CAG (coding for polyglutamine), GGC (coding  for polyglycine)] in the first exon of the androgen receptor (AR) gene and  prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene androgen response element I A/G  polymorphism are both related to prostate cancer prognosis. We investigated  whether these genomic changes occur in the AR and PSA genes, which are usually  found in individuals with prostate cancer, of Turkish patients and to find out  their distribution in the population. We used PCR and PCR-RFLP assays for AR  and PSA genes, respectively, to detect molecular changes in 44 prostate cancer  patients. Our findings indicate that individuals with prostate cancer tend to  have around 18 CAG trinucleotide repeats. We observed significant differences  between 22 controls, 33 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients and 44  adenocarcinoma patients for long CAG repeats. However, we did not find any  significant differences in GGC repeats between controls, BPH and adenocarcinoma  patients (P = 0.408). We also did not observe significant differences in the  PSA A/G polymorphism frequency between controls, BPH and adenocarcinoma  patients (P = 0.483). In conclusion, CAG and GGC repeats in the AR and PSA gene  polymorphisms may be associated with prostate cancer risk and BPH in the  Turkish population.

Evaluation of the effects of androgen receptor gene trinucleotide repeats and prostate-specific antigen gene polymorphisms on prostate cancer