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We used  native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to identify polymorphism levels in α-  and β-esterase loci from leaf tissues of Brazilian soybean cultivars for the  analysis of population genetic diversity and structure, and to investigate  relationships between conventional and genetically modified cultivars. The  cultivars included lines developed by a soybean-grower cooperative (CD), by  EMBRAPA (BR), and "Roundup Ready" (RR) cultivars. Esterase isozymes recorded  with α-naphthyl  acetate and β-naphthyl  acetate were produced from 14 loci. Two to three allelic variants were detected  in leaves from 420 plants of 21 CD, BR, and RR cultivars at Est-1, Est-2, Est-3, Est-5, and Est-14 loci. The estimated proportion of  polymorphic loci in CD cultivars was 21.4%, and in BR and RR cultivars it was  28.6%. High and low H(O) and H(E) values  were observed within CD and BR cultivars and a very high cultivar  differentiation level was evident in the plants of the 21 CD, BR, and RR  cultivars (F(ST) = 0.3865). A low  level of differentiation (F(ST) =  0.0289) was detected between conventional and RR cultivars. Plants from  cultivar BR37 had the highest level of genetic differentiation compared to the  other cultivars. The genetic basis of BR cultivars (0.5538-0.9748) was found to  be broader than the genetic basis of CD cultivars (0.7058 for CD205 and CD209  and 0.9995 for CD205 and CD208). Higher genetic identity was detected between  plants of CD and CDRR cultivars (I = 0.9816). Understanding the genetic  structure of these populations can help provide specific culture strategies for  each cultivar, depending on its level of heterozygosity.

Esterase polymorphisms for analysis of genetic diversity and structure of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars