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Morphology and biogeography are widely used in animal  taxonomy. Recent study has suggested that a DNA-based identification system,  using a 648-bp portion of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit  1 (CO1), also known as the barcoding gene, can aid in the resolution  of inferences concerning phylogenetic relationships and for identification of  species. However, the effectiveness of DNA barcoding for identifying crane species  is unknown. We amplified and sequenced 894-bp DNA fragments of CO1 from Grus  japonensis (Japanese crane), G. grus (Eurasian crane), G. monacha (hooded crane), G. canadensis (sandhill crane), G. leucogeranus (Siberian  crane), and Balearica pavonina (crowned crane), along with those of 15  species obtained from GenBank and DNA barcoding, to construct four algorithms  using Tringa stagnatilis, Scolopax rusticola, and T.  erythropus as outgroups. The four phylum profiles showed good resolution of  the major taxonomic groups. We concluded that reconstruction of the molecular  phylogenetic tree can be helpful for classification and that CO1 sequences  are suitable for studying the molecular evolution of cranes. Although support  for several deeper branches was limited, CO1 data gave remarkably good  separations, especially considering that our analysis was based on just a  fragment of the gene and that CO1 has generally been viewed as useful  only for resolving shallow divergences.

Testing the utility of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences for phylogenetic estimates of relationships between crane (Grus) species