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Context: Human Natural Killer T cells are T lymphocytes that express an invariant &lt;i&gt;αβ&lt;/i&gt; T cells receptors and NK cells receptors. They regulate innate and adaptive immune response but are susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Objective: We compare the frequency and the activity of NKT cells in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected individuals with CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; counts greater than 500/mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; using flow cytometry after overnight stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Results: The frequency of NKT cells was similar between both groups and also to sero-negative control subjects. There were also no significant differences in the proportions of total NKT cells and the CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; NKT subset that secreted interferon gamma (IFN-&lt;i&gt;γ&lt;/i&gt;) after polyclonal stimulation. However, there was a significantly higher frequency of IFN-&lt;i&gt;γ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; NKT cells in HIV-1-infected compared with HIV-2 infected subjects (p = 0.043). Conclusion: These data suggest there is no relationship between the functional activity of NKT cell subsets and the total NKT cell population in HIV infection. The expansion of IFN-&lt;i&gt;γ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; NKT cells in HIV-1 infection may serve as target for viral infection and may eventually result in their depletion during chronic infection

world journal of aids

Greater Expansion of IFN-&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;γ&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;﹣&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; CD4&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; NKT Cells in HIV-1 Compared with HIV-2-Infected Subjects with Preserved CD4&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; T Cell Counts