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Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the etiologic factors and therapeutic modalities of incisional hernias in the department of surgery at the regional hospital of Tenkodogo, in Burkina Faso. Methods: It is a cross sectional study covering the period from 2010 to 2012. Sampling was comprehensive, including all the patients operated for incisional hernias during this period. Results: Fifty-four patients were included. Their average age was 22.3 years. There were 35 (64.8%) males and 19 (35.2%) female patients. We counted 28 large-size incisional hernias, 14 medium-size incisional hernias and 12 incisional hernias of small size. The average time from the first surgery to the diagnosis of incisional hernias was 8 months. Generalized acute peritonitis (44.4%) and acute intestinal obstructions (22.2%) were the main indications of initial surgical interventions. Vertical midline incisions have been involved in 37 cases (68.5%). Therapeutically, two surgical techniques have been used: open suture repair and open mesh repair. Forty-two patients (77.8%) were treated by open suture repair. Twelve patients (22.2%) benefited from open mesh repair. Post-operative complications were noted in 2 patients. Nine patients (16.7%) presented a recurrence after 12 months. Conclusion: In the rural area of Burkina Faso, incisional hernias occur in young patients. Emergencies with abdominal Infections are the main operative indications. Prostheses are relatively high cost and less accessible. The recidivism rate is high.

Incisional Hernias: Risk Factors and Treatment in a Context of Limited Resources