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The investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of a semiconductor laser based on nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) feedback using Ge doped optical fiber was carried out experimentally. Animations of compilations of the output power as a function of time series and phase plane with effects of optical feedback level, carrier current and modulation signal strength are demonstrated as a tool to give insight into the laser dynamics. Different dynamic states, including 2×, 4× multiplication and quasi-periodic and periodic frequency-locked pulsing states extended to chaotic behaviour were observed by varying the parameters of modulated frequency and optical feedback strength. The frequency-locked pulsing states were observed to exhibit a harmonic frequency-locking phenomenon and the pulsing frequency is locked to a harmonic nonlinearity in loop instead of the modulated frequency.

Nonlinear Dynamics in Directly Modulated Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Loop Mirror Feedback