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MS is a severe progressive autoimmune disease with slight short-term relapses in its course. Autoagression against vulnerable myelin-associated Ags results in multiple lesions throughout the CNS. Abnormal responses against nervous issues are mainly affected by cell-mediated and humoral immunity. The first one plays a key role in the restructuring of myelin, while the last one is a biomarker of MS and does not participate in the gradation of the disease. Wide-scale autoimmune attack towards nervous tissues leads to a stepwise demyelination with concomitant release of myelin Ags (epitope spreading), formation of Abs and, consequently, systematization of pro-inflammatory responses. Monitoring of antimyelin-antibodies (Abs: OSP, MOBP, BMP, MOG, PLP) in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is just a brick for making the preclinical diagnosis of MS and timely implementation of predictive measures and preventive treatment. Major autoAbs and their target antigens are discussed in this chapter with a special emphasize on the possibility of their impact for identification of pre-morbid stages and differential diagnosis of MS

open journal of immunology

Myelin-associated serological targets as applicable to diagnostic tools to be used at the preclinical and transient stages of multiple sclerosis progression