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This paper examines the impact of the interaction between science-based innovation and technology on innovation performance by using patent data. To do so, we introduce the “Enterprise-Science Correlation Index (ESCI)” and “Enterprise-Technology Correlation Index (ETCI)” based on duality theory. Then we divide Chinese pharmaceutical industry listed companies into duality organization, specialization organization (science-based and technologybased) and other organizations. Three substantive conclusions are as follows. First, both science-based innovation and technology-based innovation have significant positive impact on innovation performance in both duality organizations and specialization organizations. Second, the interaction between science-based innovation and technology-based innovation has a significant positive impact on innovation performance in duality organizations. Third, the interaction between science-based innovation and technology-based innovation has a significant negative impact on innovation performance in specialization organizations.

Duality or Specialization: The Innovation Performance and the Interaction between Science-Based Innovation and Technology-Based Innovation