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One and multi-step solid state reaction methods were used to prepare a high temperature superconductor with a nominal compositionBi2-x LixPb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ for ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 0 .5). T he effect o f preparation conditions and substituting Li on Bi sites had been investigated by the use of X-ray diffraction, resistance measurements and oxygen content to obtain the optimum conditions for formation and stabilization of the 2223-phase. It has been found that intermediate grinding will force to convert and accelerate the formation rate of the 2223-phase. The morphological analyses were carried out by SEM. The results showed that the multi-step technique was appropriate to prepare the compositio Bi2-x LixPb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ . X-ray diffraction analysis showed two phases: high-TC phase 2223 and low-TC phase 2212 with orthorhombic structure for all samples. However, the optimum concentration was found for 0.3 which improved the microstructure and had the highest TC  value 130 K for the highest value of oxygen content.

materials sciences and applications

Investigating the Preparation Conditions on Superconducting Properties of Bi&amp;lt;SUB&amp;gt;2-x&amp;lt;/SUB&amp;gt; Li&amp;lt;SUB&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/SUB&amp;gt;Pb&amp;lt;SUB&amp;gt;0.3&amp;lt;/SUB&amp;gt;Sr&amp;lt;SUB&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/SUB&amp;gt;Ca&amp;lt;SUB&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/SUB&amp;gt;Cu&amp;lt;SUB&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/SUB&amp;gt;O&amp;lt;SUB&amp;gt;10+δ&amp;lt;/SUB&amp;gt;