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Lasersurface transformation hardening becomes one of the most modern processes usedto improve fatigue and wear properties of steel surfaces. In this process, thematerial properties and the heating parameters are the factors that present themost significant effects on the hardened surface attributes. The control ofthese factors using predictive modeling approaches to achieve desired surfaceproperties leads to conclusive results. However, when the dimensions of thesurface to be treated are larger than the cross-section of the laser beam,various laser-scanning patterns are involved. This paper presents anexperimental investigation of laser surface hardening of AISI 4340 steel using differentlaser scanning patterns. This investigation is based on a structuredexperimental design using the Taguchi method and improved statistical analysistools. Experiments are carried out using a 3 kW Nd: YAG laser source in orderto evaluate the effects of the heating parameters and patterns designparameters on the physical and geometrical characteristics of the hardenedsurface. Laser power, scanning speed and scanning patterns (linear, sinusoidal,triangular and trochoid) are the factors used to evaluate the hardened depthand the hardened width variations and to identify the possible relationshipbetween these factors and the hardened zone attributes. Various statisticaltools such as ANOVA, correlations analysis and response surfaces are applied inorder to examine the effects of the experimental factors on the hardenedsurface characteristics. The results reveal that the scanning patterns do notmodify the nature of the laser parameters’ effects on the hardened depth andthe hardened width. But they can accentuate or reduce these effects dependingon the type of the considered pattern. The results show also that thesinusoidal and the triangular patterns are relevant when a maximum hardenedwidth with an acceptable hardened depth is desired.

Experimental Investigation of Laser Surface Hardening of AISI 4340 Steel Using Different Laser Scanning Patterns