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Physicochemical properties of water were analyzed to assess the long-term water quality variations in Lake Hwajinpo, Korea. Water quality data monitored from 1998 to 2015 was divided in three periods and descriptive statistics, correlation and rotated components were deducted using statistical procedures. Based on the results of analyses, water quality patterns in three periods (1998-2003, 2004-2009 and 2013-2015) were distinguishable from each other. Water parameters, Chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and pH, showed the highest mean values in the first period. On the other hand, conductivity and salinity in the second period and temperature and suspended solids in the third period showed the highest mean values. Principal component analysis (PCA) procedure was utilized to deduct the most significant parameters influencing water quality and observed that each period had different pattern of variables. Salinity and conductivity were the two variables highly contributing in first component/factor (F1) explaining 20.77% and 22.93% of the total variance in the first period and second period, respectively. But total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were the two variables highly loading in F1 of the third period explaining 23.72% of total variance. These results revealed that the water quality of Lake Hwajinpo had different patterns of variations throughout the study period. Thus, PCA results could be valuable to understand the water quality status of water body and take proper steps to protect the water environment.

Assessment of Long-Term Physicochemical Water Quality Variations by PCA Technique in Lake Hwajinpo, South Korea