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Background: The evidence indicates that vitamin D [25(OH)D] improves\udglycaemic outcomes in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. The outcome measures\udused to determine the accuracy of this hypothesis are: glycosylated hemoglobin\ud(HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin\udresistance (HOMA-IR). Methods: We performed a systematic\udreview and meta-analysis which included all previous randomised controlled\udtrial (RCT) studies that assessed the effects of vitamin D on glucose\udmetabolism. We carried out an extensive electronic database search of published\udand unpublished RCTs, evaluating the association between vitamin D\udand glycaemic outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. We searched\udCochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus with Full Text,\udMEDLINE, BioMed Central, Turning Research Into Practice (TRIP), Health\udTechnology Assessment (HTA), and Latin American and Caribbean Health\udSciences (LILIACS) between the years 2005 and 2016. The full texts of relevant\udstudies were retrieved and a snowballing technique was used to discover further\udstudies missed from the initial database search. This was done by\udhand-searching for references within the retrieved articles. Results: A total of\ud17 studies were included in the review. The pooled effect of 15 studies that\udmeasured HbA1c showed an insignificant effect of vitamin D on HbA1c\ud(Mean difference (MD) = −0.06 mmol/l; 95% CI = −0.26 to 0.14; I2 = 76%). A\udpooled analysis of seven studies that measured the effect of vitamin D on blood glucose also found no significant effect of vitamin D on T2DM (MD =\ud−0.03 mmol/l; 95% CI = −0.69 to 0.63; I2 = 76%). Three studies that analysed\udthe effect of vitamin D on insulin sensitivity also observed no significant effect\ud(MD = −1.51 mmol/l; 95% CI = −3.61 to 0.60; I2 = 67%). Conclusion: In conclusion,\udalthough vitamin D has been extensively studied in relation to some\udglycaemic outcomes and some indications that increased plasma vitamin D\udconcentrations might be linked to prevention of T2DM, firm universal conclusions\udabout its benefits cannot be drawn. Further studies with better designed\udtrials and larger sample sizes are needed to draw firmer conclusion

Evaluating the Use of Vitamin D Supplementation to Improve Glycaemic Outcome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review of Evidence