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Publisher's PDFThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in cognitive function, involvedin Executive Functions (EFs) such as planning, working memory, and inhibition. Activationin the PFC also occurs during some motor activities. One commonly usedtool to assess EF is the Tower of Hanoi, demonstrating sensitivity to PFC dysfunction.However, limited neuroimaging evidence is available to support the contributionof the PFC in the Tower of Hanoi task. In the current study, we use functionalnear infrared (fNIR) spectroscopy to examine hemodynamic responses associatedwith neural activity in the PFC in adults as they participate in the Tower of Hanoitask. We compared changes in cerebral oxygenation during resting, a motor task(tapping), and the Tower of Hanoi in 16 neurotypical adults, with measures of relativechanges in concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (Δoxy-Hb) and deoxygenatedhemoglobin (Δdeoxy-Hb) taken throughout tasks, as well as total hemoglobin(ΔHbT) and oxygenation (Δoxy). Performance on the Tower of Hanoi was measuredby the number of moves used to complete each level and the highest level of successfulperformance (3, 4, or 5 disks). We found a significant higher value of Δoxy-Hband Δoxy in dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) during the Tower of Hanoi as compared totapping and resting. Significant changes in Δdeoxy-Hb and ΔHbT during the Towerof Hanoi were found in the right DLPFC only. These results support the notion thatthe Tower of Hanoi task requires higher levels of PFC activity than a similar motortask with low executive function demands.University of Delaware. 3Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology

Brain Activation in the Prefrontal Cortex during Motor and Cognitive Tasks in Adults