English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

To solve the problem of large steady state residual error of momentum constant modulus algorithm (CMA) blind equalization, a momentum CMA blind equalization controlled by energy steady state was proposed. The energy of the equalizer weights is estimated during the updating process. According to the adaptive filtering theory, the energy of the equalizer weights reaches to the steady state after the algorithm is converged, and then the momentum can be set to 0 when the energy change rate is less than the threshold, which can avoid the additional gradient noise caused by momentum and further improve the convergence precision of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of momentum to quicken the convergence rate and to avoid the local minimum in the cost function to some extent; meanwhile, it has the same convergence precision with CMA. Computer simulation results show that, compared with CMA, momentum CMA (MCMA) and adaptive momentum CMA (AMCMA) blind equalization, the proposed algorithm has the fastest convergence rate and the same steady state residual error with CMA.

An Adaptive Momentum CMA Blind Equalization Based on Error Energy