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Keeping beef cattle outdoors during winter reduces costs and improves animal welfare, but in- creases the risk of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff losses. This study evaluated a rota- tional pen design on grassland with two groups of suckler cows given access to an expanding staying area and a new feeding area each week (72 cattle ha −1 ), with one month's stay per pen. The spatial distribution of excreta and effects on N and P surface runoff was evaluated during six months. The total excreta loads corresponded to 500 kg·N·ha−1 and 50 kg·P·ha−1. New feeding ar- eas did not distribute excretions evenly, which resulted in the highest proportion of excretions (31%) occurring in the first week's sub-area. The topsoil had significantly higher amounts of min- eral-N, mainly as NH4-N (29 - 81 kg·ha−1), than an unaffected area (13 kg·ha−1). Mean total runoff losses were similar for both groups (1.4 kg·P·ha−1 and 9.0 kg·N·ha−1). Around 78% of N and 70% of P runoff losses occurred during the month with cattle present. During the first two weeks with heavy rain, N and P runoff losses were 50% higher from an area with suckler cows than a corre- sponding vegetated sub-area without cows. The study design did not provide a sufficient distribu- tion of excretions and a high animal density in combination with trampling resulted in unaccept- able N and P run-off losses. An environmentally friendly design would need to include frequent moving of all equipment and access to larger areas.

Winter Runoff of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from a Rotational Pen Design with Suckler Cows