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Land use and land cover change (LULCC) is a locally pervasive and globally significant environmental trend and has become a process of paramount importance to the study of global environmental change. LULCC is a widespread phenomenon and has contributed to the existing high rate of soil erosion and land degradation in the highlands of Ethiopia. Specifically, it has significant eco-hydrological impacts on soil physical and hydrological properties.. This thesis analyses LULCC and its links to soil hydrology, soil degradation and climate variables in the Upper Blue Nile (UBN) river basin of Ethiopia. It is neither feasible nor realistic to carry out a detailed long-term LULCC investigation at the basin scale. The approach followed in this thesis was to take a case study site located in one of the watersheds of the source region of UBN river. Therefore, the long-term LULCC was quantified and the spatial determinants of land cover transitions were identified for the period 1957 to 2009 in the Jedeb watershed (296.6 km). Black and white aerial photographs of 1957 and Landsat imageries of 1972 (MSS), 1986 (TM), 1994 (TM) and 2009 (TM) were used to derive ten land use and land cover classes by integrated use of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System techniques. The results showed that 46% of the study area experienced a transition over the past 52 years, out of which 20% was due to a net change while 26% was attributable to swap change (i.e. simultaneous gain and loss of a given category during a certain period). The most systematic transitions are conversion of grassland to cultivated land (14.8%) followed by the degradation of natural woody vegetation and marshland to grassland (3.9%). Spatially explicit logistic regression modelling revealed that the location of these systematic transitions can be explained by a combination of accessibility, biophysical and demographic factors. The modelling approach allowed improved understanding of the processes of LULCC and for identifying explanatory factors for further in-depth analysis as well as for practical interventions for watershed planning and management. Conversion of wetlands for agricultural use is a type of LULCC that is widespread in Ethiopia. However, the effects of this conversion are poorly documented. Thus, wetland loss was quantified using satellite imageries of the period 1986-2005. The results showed that 607 km of seasonal wetland with low moisture and 22.4 km of open water areas are lost in the study area. The current situation in the wetlands of

Soil Hydrological Impacts and Climatic Controls of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Upper Blue Nile (Abay) Basin