Liturgical poetry in the Middle Byzantine period: Hymns attributed to Germanos I, Patriarch of Constantinople (715-730)

4 Statement of Sources5 Acknowledgements6 Abbreviations7 Introduction8 Overview of the Scholarship and Current Trends8 Scope of the Thesis: Approach and Methodology11 The Problem of Authorship15 The Structure and Main characteristics of “Germanos’s” Kanons24 Germanos’s Heirmoi in Heirmologia29 Overview of Chapters34 Chapter One: Mariological Poetry38 Germanos I and the Authorship of Mariological Poetry38 Germanos and the Akathistos Hymn40 1. The Nativity of the Virgin Mary43 Content of the Kanon47 2. The Annunciation of the Virgin Mary56 Content of the Kanon62 The Mary-Eve Analogy65 3. Hymns for the Hypapante77 A Historical Overview of the Feast77 The Question of the Feast Character78 Kanons for the Hypapante83 Germanos’s Hymns for the Hypapante85 The Place of Symeon in the Kanon94 Chapter Two: Hagiographical Poetry98 On the Development of Hagiographical Hymnography98 The Purpose of Hagiographical Hymns102 Saints as Icons of Virtues104 Modelling the Saints on Biblical Figures and Saints as Models for Imitation106 Liturgical Poetry in the Middle Byzantine Period, K. Simic 3 i. Homilies108 ii. Apophthegmata Patrum111 iii. Hagiography112 Kanons for Saint Basil and Saint Nicholas115 New Moseses122 New Abrahams130 Joshua, the Son of Nun: An Image of the Emperor134 Chapter Three: Cult of Relics and Icons139 On the Development of the Cult of Relics139 Relics in Byzantine Hymnography142 Germanos’s Hymns on Relics142 Martyrdom as Analogy to Eucharistic Sacrifice146 1. Exaltation of the Holy Cross (14 September)149 Instruments of the Passion and Iconoclasm156 Cross and Emperor157 References to the Emperor in Germanos’s Kanon161 Anti-Muslim Polemic163 2. The First and Second Inventions of the Head of John the Baptist (24 February)166 Authenticity of the Kanon Attributed to Germanos169 Content of the Kanon170 Cult of Sacred Images178 Icons in Hymns180 Kanon for Mary of Egypt182 Conclusion189 Catalogue of Hymns197 List of Manuscripts216 Bibliography219 Liturgical Poetry in the Middle Byzantine Period, K. Simic