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Airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) was sampled at Richmond and Liverpool, located in the Sydney Basin, Australia,and ion beam analysis was used to obtain the elemental composition. Using self-organising maps to classify synopticweather systems, it was found that high PM2.5 concentrations were associated with high pressure systems located to theeast of the sampling sites. The highest median sulfur was associated with weak synoptic conditions and high soil dust dayswere more often associated with frontal systems.To investigate the effect of local flows in the Sydney Basin, the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) wasused to generate meteorological data of 12 km resolution. A comparison was made between back trajectories generatedusing the higher-resolution WRF data, the 0.5° by 0.5° Climate Forecast System data and the 1° by 1° Global DataAssimilation System data. It was found that for high soil dust days, there were small differences between the different backtrajectories. However, under weak synoptic conditions (high sulfur days), the back trajectories generated from higherresolution data showed larger variations over a 24 hr period. This was attributed to the meandering of local winds and seabreezes.Lower altitude back trajectories, generated from low resolution data, passed more often over the power stations locatedon the western side of the Great Dividing Range (while the sampling sites are on the east). This demonstrates the need forhigher resolution meteorological data for generating low altitude back trajectories when the source and receptor areseparated by hilly terrain.In estimating the number of high sulfur days for which a power station was crossed, there was up to 20% difference atLiverpool and up to 10% difference at Richmond, between back trajectories starting at different altitudes and generatedfrom meteorological data of three different resolutions

Particulate Pollution in the Sydney Region: Source Diagnostics and Synoptic Controls