English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Inventory of household emissions from solid fuel use is often costly and undetected by air quality monitoring systems; nonetheless, it is important when finding the link between household pollution and health impacts. This study quantified PM2.5 emissions and characterized the particulate composition of smoke emitted from Philippine traditional cookstove-fuel combinations inside the UP Diliman dilution tunnel system (UPDDTS). Cement and charcoal (CCP), tin can and sawdust (KKP), metal-grill and fuelwood (MFP), metal and kerosene (MKP), and metal-grill and charcoal (MCC) were tested. The PM2.5 emission rates under UPDDTS were 1.9 to 23 × 106 mg min-1, higher than the WHO emission rate target guidelines (0.8 mg min-1) for vented conditions. MKP has the highest PM2.5 emission factor—0.032 ± 0.016 kg PM2.5 kg fuel-1 yr-1—which is three orders of magnitude higher than literature values. Out of 43 tests conducted representing the five cookstove–fuel combinations, water-soluble K+ (23.0 ± 1.9 μg m-3) and Cl- (12.3 ± 1.0 μg m-3) comprise most of CCP ions, while Na+ (43 ± 22 μg m-3) comprise most of MKP. Levoglucosan dominates KKP, MFP, and MCC PM2.5 monosugar compositions (78.72 ± 6.96, 0.76 ± 0.34, and 10.21 ± 2.64 μg m-3 respectively), confirming biomass burning signatures. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) abundance on all samples except MFP shows dependence of feed fuel on size and surface area. PM2.5 emissions from CCP, KKP, and MCC were dominated by Pb (1.96 ± 1.04 to 76.02 ± 151.42 ng min-1), MFP by Cu (2.23 ± 1.18 ng min-1), and KKP by As (5.51 ± 1.08 ng min-1).

Emissions and Chemical Components of PM2.5 from Simulated Cooking Conditions Using Traditional Cookstoves and Fuels under a Dilution Tunnel System