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Orc is a theory of orchestration of services that allows structuredprogramming of distributed and timed computations. Several formal semanticshave been proposed for Orc, including a rewriting logic semantics developed bythe authors. Orc also has a fully fledged implementation in Java withfunctional programming features. However, as with descriptions of mostdistributed languages, there exists a fairly substantial gap between Orc'sformal semantics and its implementation, in that: (i) programs in Orc are noteasily deployable in a distributed implementation just by using Orc's formalsemantics, and (ii) they are not readily formally analyzable at the level of adistributed Orc implementation. In this work, we overcome problems (i) and (ii)for Orc. Specifically, we describe an implementation technique based onrewriting logic and Maude that narrows this gap considerably. The enablingfeature of this technique is Maude's support for external objects through TCPsockets. We describe how sockets are used to implement Orc site calls andreturns, and to provide real-time timing information to Orc expressions andsites. We then show how Orc programs in the resulting distributedimplementation can be formally analyzed at a reasonable level of abstraction bydefining an abstract model of time and the socket communication infrastructure,and discuss the assumptions under which the analysis can be deemed correct.Finally, the distributed implementation and the formal analysis methodology areillustrated with a case study.

Dist-Orc: A Rewriting-based Distributed Implementation of Orc with Formal Analysis