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Reasoning about causes and effects naturally arises in the engineering ofsafety-critical systems. A classical example is Fault Tree Analysis, adeductive technique used for system safety assessment, whereby an undesiredstate is reduced to the set of its immediate causes. The design of faultmanagement systems also requires reasoning on causality relationships. Inparticular, a fail-operational system needs to ensure timely detection andidentification of faults, i.e. recognize the occurrence of run-time faultsthrough their observable effects on the system. Even more complex scenariosarise when multiple faults are involved and may interact in subtle ways.  In this work, we propose a formal approach to fault management for complexsystems. We first introduce the notions of fault tree and minimal cut sets. Wethen present a formal framework for the specification and analysis ofdiagnosability, and for the design of fault detection and identification (FDI)components. Finally, we review recent advances in fault propagation analysis,based on the Timed Failure Propagation Graphs (TFPG) formalism.

Causality and Temporal Dependencies in the Design of Fault Management Systems