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A new family Vosegidae is described for Vosegus triassicus gen. et sp. nov. from the Anisian (early Middle Triassic) Gres a Voltzia Formation of the Vosges (north-eastern France). This is the oldest Aphidomorpha presenting the combination of characters as: elongate and tapered pterostigma with straight posterior margin, thick common stem of veins Sc+R+(M)+CuA, arcuate RP separated well basad of pterostigma base, three-branched M with free base, CuA forked, veins not differentiated in their thickness. The morphological characters presented by Vosegus are spread among the different extinct and extant lineages of Aphidomorpha, but the combination presented is unique. The relationships of this new family to other Triassic Sternorrhyncha are discussed, concluding its placement in Aphidomorpha: Triassoaphidoidea. The specificity of Gres a Voltzia fossil site in respect to early evolution of aphids is presented, with two competing explanations for size diminution, considering the Early Triassic biotic recovery versus the correlation between early aphid diversification and the exploitation of new niches, new host plants and habitats. This new finding increases the taxonomic diversity of the Gres a Voltzia fauna, expanding our knowledge of Early Triassic Aphidomorpha diversity and evolution.

The Oldest Aphid Insect from the Middle Triassic of the Vosges, France