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Background: The middle turbinate is an important landmark during endoscopic sinus procedures. Well orientation of the appropriate planes, attachments and relations of the different parts of the middle turbinate helps achieve safe and effective endoscopic sinus surgery. Aim of work: To discuss the complex anatomy of the middle turbinate via a paper model of the middle turbinate and to validate its impact on clarifying the planes and attachments of the different parts of the middle turbinate. Study design: descriptive. Methods: Utilizing origami, a paper model of the middle turbinate was introduced by the author resembling its three parts. The model was used to demonstrate the planes and attachments of the different parts of the middle turbinate. Ten MCQs were administered to 76 candidates, prior and post demonstration, during three basic endoscopic sinus surgery courses. The pre and post scores were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean of pre-total score was 6.05 (range 0-10, SD 2.39) and the mean of the post-total score was 9.22 (range 7-10, SD 1.05). The difference of pre and post total score means was 3.17 (SD 2.32) which showed high statistical significance. Conclusion: The Kamel’s middle turbinate paper model is a valid educational tool. It is simple to assemble and useful to interpret the planes, attachments and relations of the different parts of MT. Moreover it has many fruitful clinical applications that may help achieve effective and safe endoscopic sinus surgery.

Understanding the complex anatomy of the middle turbinate via educational origami