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The present case report describes the clinical and histopathological characteristics as well as the surgical outcome of malignant melanoma in two calves. Case 1 was a 6-month-old Japanese Black steer with a soft mass (5 cm×4 cm) on the right shoulder detected 1 month before. The mass was surgically separated from surrounding tissue and resected. Histopathologically, the mass was occupied by cells containing abundant cytoplasmic black granules, seemingly melanin pigments. Infiltration of these cells from the dermis into the subcutaneous tissue was also noted. From these findings, the mass was diagnosed as malignant melanoma. The steer showed good growth and there was no evidence of metastasis at 70 days postoperatively and was subsequently entered into the 25-month fattening stage. Case 2 was a 7-month-old Japanese Black heifer with a mass (5 cm×5 cm) on the left abdomen. The mass was soft, covered with white hair and well separated from surrounding tissue. The mass was surgically resected. By histopathological examination, proliferation and infiltration of cells occupying the mass were noted from the dermis to the muscle layer. These cells were also observed between muscle fibers around the mass. Vascular invasion was confirmed by the presence of black granules in endothelial cells of a small artery, and the mass was diagnosed as malignant melanoma. The heifer was euthanized at Day 136 due to recurrences on the right buccal and dorsal lumbar regions. Necropsy revealed metastases in the lungs, liver, spleen and fascia of the hind limb. These cases suggest that preoperative biopsy of the mass and regional lymph nodes as well as histopathological evaluation of mitotic figures, vascular invasion and surgical margin may be useful for diagnosis and determining the prognosis of malignant melanoma.

Two cases of malignant melanoma in Japanese Black calves