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The relationship between lifestyle activities and higher brain functions in normal middle-aged and elderly people was examined. Participants were 1086 community dwellers in a rural town (their age ranged from 40 to 91 years old). The higher brain functions were measured by means of MMSE, logical memory test, Stroop test, D-CAT (test for the assessment of attention or executive function) and verbal fluency test. The results of higher brain functions suggested that normal middle-aged and elderly people with high lifestyle activitiesperformed cognitive tasks better than normal middle-aged and elderly people with low lifestyle activities. On the other hand, high frequency of communication with families or friends related to cognitive decline, especially memory loss. Based on these findings, the relationship between lifestyle activities and cognitive reserve and between self-efficacy and cognitive decline were discussed.

The relationship between lifestyle activities and higher brain functions in the middle and old people