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Background and objectives Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is most common in adolescent populations whose prevalence is continuously increasing. The underlying neurobiology of NSSI and pain processing has not yet sufficiently understood. Alterations of the sensory processing and modulation could explain the emotional dysregulation. We investigated the clinical usefulness of short and longlatency somatosensory evoked potentials (Sh and LL-SSEPs) as indirect evaluation of sensory processing characteristics, compared to psychological, sensory and behavioural measures in adolescents with NSSI.  Methods A group of 12 patients with NSSI and a control group comprised 9 patients with other psychopathological disorders without NSSI were investigated with the Self Harm subscale of the Risk-Taking and Self-Harm Inventory for Adolescents, the Italian form of assessment of self-injurious behaviour, the Adult/Adolescent the Sensory Profile (SP), an Italian a self-report psychiatric scale for children and adolescents (SAFA), Theory of Mind and Affect Recognition subscale of NEPSY II. All data tests were compare to median nerve Sh-LL SEP. We adopted a Bayesian approach to the statistical analyses.  Results The two groups substantially differed in some scales of the SAFA with higher scores in the subscale of inadequacy, anorexic conduct and body acceptance, and in lower scores in the Emotional/social response of SP in the NSSI group.  Conclusion Prolonged latency of N140 LL-SEPs could be considered a marker for the altered ability to modulate the incoming sensory responses in a group of adolescents with NSSI. This could be the basis of the emotional dysregulation found in the NSSI subjects, with the consequent impossibility to put in place adequate behavioral responses and predilection of deactivated coping strategies. These hypotheses should be confirmed by future studies on larger samples.

Psychopathology and Patterns of Sensory Processing In Non-suicidal Self-Injured Adolescents: Insights from Neuropsychological and Neurophysiological Studies