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Objective: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have decreased vasomotor control and perspiration ability corresponding to the level of spinal damage. This study compared body surface temperatures between wheelchair rugby players with cervical SCI (CSCI) and wheelchair basketball players with thoracolumbar SCI (TSCI). Methods: This is an observational study, including 10 male athletes with CSCI (mean age, 26.2 years) and 10 male athletes with TSCI (mean age, 29.7 years). The participants practiced wheelchair rugby and wheelchair basketball as per the format of a traditional game in a hot indoor environment. Body surface temperatures were measured before and after practice by thermography. Heart rate (HR) and maximum temperatures at measured sites (forehead, upper extremities, and lower extremities) were assessed. Results: Body surface temperatures showed a significant correlation between preand post-exercise and between groups (CSCI and TSCI) [P=0.003], indicating that temperature changes were different between the groups. The temperature before exercise was higher in the TSCI group than in the CSCI group [P=0.033]. The temperature after exercise was higher in the CSCI group than in the TSCI group; however, no significant difference was found [P=0.117]. HR at rest and maximum HR were different between the groups (P<0.001). Both HRs were significantly higher in the TSCI group than in the CSCI group (At rest: P=0.020; Maximum: P<0.001). Conclusions: We observed that the increase in body surface temperature because of exercise was higher in the CSCI group than in the TSCI group. There was no difference between the groups in terms of temperature on the forehead, where perspiration can occur. Cooling during the game was unable to prevent temperature increase. However, a limitation of the study is that exercise load was not measured, and cooling methods and amounts were not quantified.

Skin Temperature Responses in a Hot Environment among Wheelchair Rugby and Basketball Players with Spinal Cord Injury