Does Exosomes Derived Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restore Ovarian Function by Promoting Stem Cell Survival on Experimentally Induced Polycystic Ovary in Adult Female Albino Rats? (Histological and Immunohistochemical Study)

Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly reported nowadays. Recently exosomes released by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs-EX) has been a novel source with a great potential donor cell in regenerative medicine because of their low immunogenicity and easy accessibility. Foeniculum vulgare (FVE) is a naturally occurring estrogen compound, which is commonly used today due to the impact of the female hormones. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of exosome released by MSCs in experimentally induced Poly Cystic Ovary (PCO). The polycystic disease was artificially induced by injecting rats daily with testosterone propionate (dissolved in propylene glycol) 1 mg/100 g body weight for 35 days. Exosomes were prepared for 3rd passage of MSCs-EX and were injected into the induced PCO rats. Another group of PCOS rats received FVE (alcoholic extract) 150 mg/kg body weight/day intra gastric for five days after induction of PCOS. The ovaries were taken for histological examination and immune-histochemical detection of Octamer-Binding Transcription Factor (OCT4), and the hormonal assay was evaluated. Both groups infused with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) derived exosome and FVE have mild to moderate improvement in the histological ovarian structure by the presence of normal follicles in different stages with normal hormonal profile and highly expressive of OCT4. BM-MSCs derived exosome and FVE have moderate modulates the immunohistological structure of the PCOS ovaries, which may be a factor in the maintenance of steroid-induced PCOS.