English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The β 2 -glycoprotein I (β 2 GPI) is an endothelial cell ligand, accessible for systemic, autocrine and paracrine signaling. In vivo, β2GPI is immobilized by binding, mainly to the endothelial cell membrane heparan sulfate but also to anionic phospholipids, and functional receptors. The β 2 GPI was attributed antiangiogenic properties both in vitro and in vivo. This work was designed to evaluate the antiangiogenic effects of native, monomeric, and dimeric β 2 GPI. Monomeric as well as dimeric forms were purified from human plasma, and the native protein was obtained as a balanced mixture of both components present in human plasma. The proliferation, migration, and differentiation of Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) were considered in an in vitro angiogenesis model based on tridimensional cultures and quantitative digital image processing techniques. The early events of the in vitro HUVEC growth and differentiation in the tridimensional cultures microenvironment were addressed by the morphological analysis. The morphological aspects were correlated to the cell growth, oxidative balance outcome and mitochondrial toxicity assays, leading to the evidence that non-confluent HUVEC cultures temporarily stop growing in the presence of the native protein, but remain competent to proliferate. The β2GPI monomer allowed the in vitro differentiation of the HUVECs into typical trabeculae and incomplete capillary-like tubes, along with lowering the available proliferation fraction. In opposition, the dimer rich purification fraction exposure halted cell elongation and migration, and prevented the organization of the tubular structures in tridimensional cultures, maintaining cell growth. The morphological approach was useful to attribute to β 2 GPI dimerization the cell migration inhibition modulation, which potentially leads to overcome the diminished sprouting antiangiogenic effect of the monomer fraction of the native protein.

Digital Image Processing Assessment of the Differential in vitro Antiangiogenic Effects of Dimeric and Monomeric Beta2-Glycoprotein I