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T with stem cells derived from adult tissues or from embryos, there is an emerging scientific interest in cells derived from human term placenta, including cells from the fetal amnion and chorion membranes, Wharton’s Jelly, and cells derived from the amniotic fluid. The interest rises mostly from their immunomodulatory capacities, but also from their ease in procurement, their differentiation capabilities, and their low immunogenicity. It is now clear that a number of different mechanisms contribute to the therapeutic effects exerted by the amniotic membrane-derived cells, including cell differentiation potential. However, the ability of these cells to interact with and modulate the functions of a wide variety of immune cells via paracrine signaling mediated by secreted bioactive metabolites has resulted to be the responsible mechanism of the therapeutic potential of these cells. This has been confirmed by the comparative studies using placenta-derived cells and conditioned medium derived from the culture of these cells in several preclinical models, such as lung and liver fibrosis, arthritis, encephalomyelitis. Multiple aspects of placenta-derived cells will be presented, such as isolation protocols, phenotypic characterization, the basics of their immunomodulatory mechanisms, the preclinical results, and the envisaged clinical applications. In conclusion, placenta-derived cells possess a variety of properties which render them an attractive source for a range of applications, especially in regards to inflammatory diseases.

Use of the stem cell mobilizer SE2® as part of conventional treatment on ankle injuries to expedite recovery in professional soccer players