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Background: Neonatal HIE is still one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the perinatal period. The effective management and early intervention for these infants depends on early identification of the condition. This study aimed to identifying biomarkers of inflammation in HIE in Saudi Arabia and their association with serum level of S100 protein.Patients and methods: 100 cases of full-term infants were classified into two groups. The first was comprised of normal healthy infants, while the second was composed of infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Blood gases, electrolytes, liver and renal functions were evaluated, along with some inflammatory cytokines IL1, IL6 and TNFα. Correlation between cytokine levels and S100 protein level was adjusted with time.Results: The hypoxic infants recorded decreased pH level and disturbed blood electrolytes in comparison with healthy control. Also, significant increase in serum levels of IL1, IL6 and TNFα was detected in hypoxic group. Positive correlation between serum cytokine levels and S100 protein was evident.Conclusion: The data revealed some of the vital inflammatory cytokines that were most affected due to a decreased blood pH in newborn babies. Such information is useful for predicting treatment to overcome the severe side-effects arising in cases of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The study predicted early diagnosis and treatment as important for the avoidance of serious complications.

journal of clinical and cellular immunology

Inflammatory Cytokines in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy and their Correlation with Brain Marker S100 Protein: A Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia