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Volume 5 • Issue 4 • 2013 A biosensor, which is conventionally defined as “a device that uses specific biochemical reactions mediated by isolated enzymes, immunosystems, tissues, organelles or whole cells, to detect chemical compounds usually by electrical, thermal or optical signals” [1], comprises of at least two basic steps: first, target recognition and second, signal transduction. In nucleic acid sensing, the single-stranded DNA/ RNA probes are often employed as the sensor probes, since by virtue of their capacity of binding to their complementary target nucleic acid strands with high sequence-specificity, they can almost always detect the presence of the specific target strands in the sample analyte solution, without error. Regarding transduction of the molecular recognition event into an electronic signal, mostly the optical, electrochemical, electrical, mechanical, acoustic or thermal methods are applied in the current nucleic acid sensors [2-6].

Nucleic Acid Sensing onto Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Modified Solid Surfaces