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The present writer in his first report pointed out an unprecedented exodus of the middle-income class that Manhattan has ever witnessed since World War II. Such continuous outflow of old customers has, as might be easily imagined, dealt a heavy blow to the commercial activities of Manhattan, and, parallel with this, shortage of parking space has made it more and more difficult for the suburbanites to do high quality shopping at C. B. D. To cope with such a situation, Manhattan's speciality stores made them-selves busy, in the earlier stages, setting up suburban branches each of its own. In 1950, such branches in this region counted as many as 80 in all. In the early fifties, what is called the new type of “suburban shopping center” was introduced into this region making an explosive expansion both in area and number for four years from 1956 to 1959. In 1960, 95 centers of this type, ranging from the regional category to the neighbourhood, were to be found all over this region. Expansion and penetration of such a new type center into the suburbs have been annually accelerated until they are concentrated within a ring from 10 to 40 miles from Manhattan. Nine out of these centers, it might be remarked, are on the regional scale and 10 on the semi-regional, while one half of the total fall under the community class. To come down to counties, Nassau tops the list with 6 of the biggest centers, Bergen following next with 3. These two counties have shown, as a matter of course, the biggest increase in population since the last war and what is noteworthy, the aver-age income of the residents far exceeds that of the region as a whole. It may be added that these big centers are equipped, in most cases, with clinics, auditoria, banks, cinemas, bowling places and other similar facilities, and in some cases they have industrial parks as well as business offices. To sum up, these centers, as so many cores of the daily life of the reigonal community, are generating the motive power to make the suburbia more and more independent of their mother Manhattan. These big centers resemble in function such a subcenters as Shinjuku and Shibuya in Tokyo. It is ture that they are smaller in size but since they are bigger in number than their Japanese replicas, they tend to affect the C. B. D. the greater. They have caused a substantial decrease in the sales of retailers in Manhattan and the customers of its C. B. D. According to the business censuses during the pre-war time, Manhattan occupied the monopolistic position to the whole region both in the number of store per capita and in the amount of sales per store. In the postwar time, however, Manhattan showed a relative decline while Nassau county's sales per store jumped up to the first on the list. The post-war pattern of sales increase by counties forms a cocentric circle; that is, a slightly increasing ring, a sharply increasing one, and again a slightly increasing one encircle the substantially decreasing zone alternately. And, this sharply increasing ring coincides with themost concentrating zone of suburban shopping centers.

EXPLOSIVE EXPANSION OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES IN NEW YORK METROPOLITAN REGION