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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise training and dietary restriction on cardiac PINK1/Parkin and Bnip3/Nix pathways involved in mitophagy. C57BL/6 mice were assigned to control (C), exercise training (T), dietary restriction (D) and exercise training + dietary restriction (TD) groups. T group undertook 10 weeks of swimming training. D group was subjected to 40% food reduction. TD group undertook the combination of exercise training and food reduction. Suspectable mitophagy autophagosomes can be observed in T and D groups and more autophagosomes appeared in TD group. In T group, both PINK1 mRNA and protein levels increased significantly (p &lt; 0.01) but Bnip3 and Nix expressions decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05). Dietary restriction resulted in elevation of Drp1 (p &lt; 0.01) and reduction and Nix (p &lt; 0.05) in D group. The load in TD group resulted in serious mitochondrial abnormalities and myofibrillar damages accompanied by increases in PINK1 and Drp1 levels (p &lt; 0.01) and decreases in Bnip3 and Nix levels (p &lt; 0.05). The increase in PINK1 expression (exercise protocol) or Drp1 expression (diet protocol) contributes to cardiac activation of mitophagy, whereas Bnip3 and Nix are not implicated in this activation.

Exercise training and dietary restriction affect PINK1/Parkin and Bnip3/Nix-mediated cardiac mitophagy in mice