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This study evaluates a method to estimate shallow groundwater intrusion in and around a large underground research facility(Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory-MIU). Water chemistry, stable isotopes(δD and δ18O), tritium (3H), chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)and sulfur hexafluoride(SF6)in groundwater were monitored around the facility(from 20 m down to a depth of 500 m), for a period of 5 years. The results show that shallow groundwater inflows into deeper groundwater at depths of between 200–400 m. In addition, the content of shallow groundwater estimated using 3H and CFC-12 concentrations is up to a maximum of about 50%. This is interpreted as the impact on the groundwater environment caused by construction and operation of a large facility over several years. The concomitant use of 3H and CFCs is an effective method to determine the extent of shallow groundwater inflow caused by construction of an underground facility.

Shallow groundwater intrusion to deeper depths caused by construction and drainage of a large underground facility