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Sixty-six suites of trace fossils from thirty-four different localities were collected or observed in the Carboniferous Mabou and Cumberland groups of western Cape Breton Island. Recurrent suites have been compiled into thirteen ich-nocoenoses. Twelve of these ichnocoenoses, together with others from the Carboniferous elsewhere in the Maritimes, can be considered representative of two revised ichnofacies and their related composite ichnofacies. The remaining ichnocoenosis is currently anomalous.  In our view, some ichnofacies identified in the nonmarine realm have been too broadly defined. They allow for the inclusion of ichnocoenoses that are better considered representatives of composite ichnofacies. The Mermia ich-nofacies is thus emended to consist primarily of systematic-coverage interface burrows and trails, irregular interface burrows and trails, non-striate pits, sinusoidal burrows and trails, migrating burrows, systematic-coverage burrow networks, (dense coverage) simple burrows and, if present, subordinate trackways. It remains an ichnofacies indicative of quiet water, oxygenated, permanently subaqueous conditions with significant organic input. Two Cape Breton Island ichnocoenoses are representative of the revised Mermia ichnofacies. The Scoyenia ichnofacies is emended to consist primarily of bilobate or striate pits and trails, trackways, meniscate burrows, (sparse coverage) simple burrows and, if present, subordinate vertical burrows. It remains an ichnofacies indicative of transitional environments, spe-cifically quiet water conditions that regularly dry out, or periodically inundated floodplains. Four Cape Breton Island ichnocoenoses are representative of the revised Scoyenia ichnofacies.  Six ichnocoenoses from Cape Breton Island contain some trace fossils considered typical of both the Mermia and Scoyenia ichnofacies as emended. Two interpretations are possible. These ichnocoenoses might indicate instances where the trace-fossil producers were environmentally tolerant animals that could inhabit and behave similarly in either setting. Alternatively, they may represent cases where producers active in different environments had their traces juxtaposed or even overprinted due to a change in environmental conditions. In this latter case, the ichnocoenoses can be considered examples of composite ichnofacies that are taphonomic successors of combinations of the Mermia, Scoyenia, and the well-established Skolithos ichnofacies.  RESUME  Soixante-six ensembles d'ichnofossiles de 34 emplacements differents ont ete preleves ou observes dans les groupes carboniferes de Mabou et de Cumberland dans l'ouest de l'ile du Cap-Breton. Les ensembles repetitifs ont ete com-piles au sein de 13 ichnocoenoses. Douze de ces ichnocoenoses, auxquelles on peut ajouter les autres exemplaires du Carbonifere presents ailleurs dans les Maritimes, peuvent etre considerees comme des types representatifs de deux ichnofacies revises et de leurs ichnofacies composites connexes. Les autres ichnocoenoses constituent actuellement des types anomaux.  A notre avis, certains ichnofacies inseres dans le domaine non marin ont ete definis d'une facon trop sommaire. Ils permettent l'inclusion d'ichnocoenoses davantage considerees comme des types representatifs d'un ichnofacies composite. Il faut ainsi corriger l'ichnofacies Mermia en le decrivant comme un ichnofacies principalement constitue de tubes et de pistes de reptation a interface de couverture systematique, de tubes et de pistes de reptation a interface irreguliere, d'alveoles non striees, de tubes et de pistes de reptation sinusoidales, de tubes de migration, de reseaux de tubes a couverture systematique, de tubes simples (a couverture dense) et, le cas echeant, de chemins secondaires. Il demeure un ichnofacies temoignant d'eau calme, d'oxygenation et d'un milieu en permanence subaquatique, avec apport organique substantiel. Deux ichnocoenoses de l'ile du Cap-Breton sont representatives des ichnofacies Mermia revises. L'ichnofacies Scoyenia corrige est principalement constitue d'alveoles et de pistes de reptation bilobees ou striees, de chemins, de tubes meniscaux, de tubes simples (a couverture eparse) et, le cas echeant, de tubes verticaux subordonnes. Il demeure un ichnofacies revelateur d'environnements de transition, et plus precisement de milieux d'eau calme s'assechant regulierement ou de plaines d'inondation periodiquement inondees. Quatre ichnocoenoses de l'ile du Cap-Breton sont representatives de l'ichnofacies revise Scoyenia.  Six ichnocoenoses de l'ile du Cap-Breton renferment quelques ichnofossiles consideres comme des elements caracteristiques des ichnofacies Mermia et Scoyenia corriges. Deux interpretations sont possibles. Ces ichnocoe-noses pourraient correspondre a des cas ou les producteurs d'ichnofossiles constituaient des animaux tolerants de l'environnement qui pouvaient habiter dans l'un ou l'autre milieu et se comporter de facon semblable. D'un autre cote, ils pourraient representer des cas ou des producteurs actifs dans des environnements differents ont juxtapose leurs traces ou encore les ont superposees en raison d'une modification des conditions environnementales. Dans ce dernier cas, les ichnocoenoses peuvent etre considerees comme des exemples d'ichnofacies composites constituant des succes-seurs taphonomiques de combinaisons de l'ichnofacies Mermia, du Scoyenia et de l'ichnofacies reconnu Skolithos.

Ichnocoenoses from the Carboniferous of eastern Canada and their implications for the recognition of ichnofacies in nonmarine strata