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One of the aspects that constrain forest management in the tropics is the limited number of tree species demanded by national or international markets. As such, promotion of lesser-known species (LKS) has been a recurrent recommendation. Nevertheless, market introduction of LKS has remained a difficult task. Beyond that, higher per hectare extraction through LKS has brought the concern of ecological/ silvicultural damage. Therefore, the questions have arisen of how LKS markets expand or contract and which is the impact of increased LKS use on forests. In Southeast Mexico, forests are mainly owned by communities. Some of these communities have been involved in forest management for over 80 years. The present study analyzes the impact of markets on forest management. Building on silvicultural and regional forest production information, it presents the results of a survey to 75 ejidos and of qualitative interviews to foresters, timber traders, and industrial timber consumers regarding LKS markets and their impact on forest management. Findings suggest that markets effectively have been an important driver for forest management, although its impact is mediated by regional and operation-specific factors. Marketing increases have allowed several communities to progressively improve silvicultural measures, whereas decreases have been an important factor for communities to leave forest management altogether, leaving forests in a state of “degrading fallow”. Increasing marketing opportunities have not led communities to reengage in forestry, hinting at important market entry barriers. LKS promotion needs to consider these aspects to become successful.

Emerging markets for tropical lesser-known species and their impact on sustainable forest management in Southeast Mexico