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The Arakawa Lowland is situated in the western part of the Kanto Plain. Diatom analyses of a large number of boring core samples obtained from the Lowland have been performed, and marine clay deposits on the US (Holocene upper sand bed) have been found in the Arakawa Lowland. Holocene sediments of the Arakawa Lowland can be divided into five diatom zones, of which the fourth is subdivided into subzone A, B, and C. The marine clay deposits roughly correspond to subzone A of the fourth diatom zone. This subzone is characterized by euhalobous species, dominant among them Actinocyclus normanii and Melosira sulcata. The marine clay deposits lie horizontally from Akabane in the Tokyo Lowland to the JR Kawagoe Line in the Arakawa Lowland, and spread vertically from 0m to 3.0m above sea level.The author has investigated the problems of the marine clay deposits using data obtained through diatom analyses and 14C dating. In consequence, the geomorphological history of this area in the Holocene period is inferred as follows. (1) Between about 7, 970y.B.P. and 4, 860 to 3, 130y.B.P., fluvial valleys were drowned by Jomon transgression and were filled with marine sediments. (2) From about 5, 270 to 4, 570y.B.P., the US (Holocene upper sand bed) was formed in this area. (3) Around 3, 990y.B.P., marine clay deposits accoumulated on the upper sand bed. (4) After the period 4, 450 to 3, 130y.B.P., the uppermost alluvial deposits were formed.

Marine clay deposits on the US (Holocene upper sand bed) in Arakawa Lowland, Saitama prefecture.