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This paper examines the effect of ownership types and concentration, as well as the impact of foreign bank’s entry modes on bank’s risk-taking behavior and capital ratio and also analyze the effect of bank-risk taking behavior and capital ratio have to one another simultaneously. This study uses panel data of 87 banks in Indonesia and Malaysia from 2003 to 2016. This study finds that government-owned bank and foreign-owned banks take more risk and have higher capital ratio compared to the privately-owned bank, while foreign banks that enter the market with merger & acquisition strategy tends to take less risk than those who enter the market with greenfield strategy.Moreover, the result also shows that bank-risk taking behavior and the capital ratio has negative effects on one another and that banks take less risk and hold more capital during the financial crisis period. These findings have major implications towards government’s and foreign ownership limitations such as limiting the number and entry of foreign and state ownership will be effective to reduce bank-risk taking behavior and implementing minimum capital adequacy policies will be able to initiate less-aggressive risk-taking behavior.

The Effects of Ownership Types, Concentration, and Foreign Banks’ Modes of Entry Risk-Taking Behaviour and Capital Ratio