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Testicular traumatic injuries occur frequently, which can result in an alteration in spermatogenesis. These injuries can also cause oxidative stress and male infertility. Antioxidant efficiency of melatonin (MLT), known as a potent antioxidant, will be improved if used in a form of solid lipid nanoparticles (MLT-SLN). The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of MLT-loaded SLN on traumatic testis in rats. In this study 32 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (sham group), right testicle was drawn out from the scrotum and returned without manipulation. Group 2, right testicle was dropped by 25 g sinker for 4 times. Group 3, animals were received a single dose (25 mg/kg) of MLT intraperitoneally after trauma. Group 4, animals were received a single dose of MLT-SLN intraperitoneally after trauma. Under anaesthesia, rats were sacrificed, and their testicles were removed three days after the surgery. After tissue processing, the sample sections were H&amp;E stained. MLT and MLT-SLN could partially repair spermatogenesis by Johnson's criteria but the repairs were significant only in MLT-SLN group ( P = 0.02). Trauma decreased seminiferous tubule diameter and its epithelium height. MLT could restore epithelium height ( P ≤ 0.05) but its NPs improved both epithelium diameter ( P ≤ 0.05) and thickness ( P ≤ 0.001). The Malondialdehyde increased significantly in trauma group ( P = 0.002), but decreased in MLT and NPs groups compared to trauma group ( P = 0.098 and P = 0.002 respectively). This decrease was significant only in NPs group. Testicular trauma disturbed spermatogenesis, morphometric, and oxidative parameters. MLT and specially MLT-SLN improved traumatic damages.

Protective effects of melatonin solid lipid nanoparticles on testis histology after testicular trauma in rats