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The role of angiogenesis in tumor progression and metastasis formation has been well recognized. Recent studies have reported that Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) seed extracts have potential anticancer properties. The current study was planned to investigate the anti-angiogenic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of fenugreek (HAEF) in vitro and in vivo . Effect of HAEF (50-3000 µg/mL) and thalidomide (200-3000 µmol/L), as a positive control, on the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and 3T3 fibroblast cells was assessed by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Effect of HAEF on vessel-like tube formation by HUVECs was examined in the matrigel-based assay. Furthermore, the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was used as in vivo model to study the anti-angiogenic effect of HAEF. HAEF, similar to thalidomide, significantly inhibited the viability of HUVECs and 3T3 cells dose-dependently after 24 h. Moreover, both HAEF and thalidomide significantly reduced tube formation by HUVECs in cell culture condition. In CAM model, HAEF and thalidomide caused a significant decline in the number of neovascular points and in the amount of grades 1 and 2 vessels. These findings revealed that fenugreek has cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo . Therefore, this medicinal plant can be subjected to further investigations as antitumor agents.

research in pharmaceutical sciences

In vivo and In vitro effects of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds on proliferation, angiogenesis and tube formation of endothelial cells