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Background  There is growing concern about the developmental outcome of infants exposed to HIV in utero. HIV-infected women are at greater risk of premature delivery which poses a further developmental risk factor.    Objectives  To determine whether there is a difference between the development of premature infants born at 28–37 weeks gestational age that are HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) compared with HIV-unexposed uninfected infants (HUU).    Method  A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Johannesburg state hospital. Thirty HEU and 30 HUU infants, aged between 16 days and six months, were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III.    Results  The two groups were well matched for gestational age and birth weight; however, more HUU infants presented with neonatal complications. HUU infants had lower developmental scores than HEU infants in the language ( p  = 0.003) and motor ( p  = 0.037) subscales. Expressive language was more affected in the HUU infants ( p  = 0.001), and fine ( p  = 0.001) and gross motor ( p  = 0.03) were affected as well. HUU infants with neonatal complications such as meningitis ( p  = 0.02) and neonatal jaundice (NNJ) ( p  = 0.01) are more likely to present with language and motor delay.    Conclusion  Meningitis and NNJ have more impact on infant development than in-utero HIV and ARV exposure.    Clinical implications  It is important for all premature infants to be screened regularly in order to diagnose developmental delays early so as to ensure early intervention and improved quality of life.

south african journal of physiotherapy

Developmental status of human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected premature infants compared with premature infants who are human immunodeficiency virus unexposed and uninfected