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Background  Despite the fact that UNICEF declared freedom from hunger and malnutrition a basic human right in 1948, more than 20 million children were severely malnourished in 2010 and a further 170 million were stunted. Malnutrition attributes to >50% of child deaths by potentiating infectious diseases.    Objectives  The aim of this study was to determine the extent of malnutrition in Grade 1 pupils in public sector schools in Bloemfontein. An objective of the study was to identify relationships between socio-economic parameters and malnutrition.    Method  Grade 1 pupils from ten public schools in Bloemfontein, selected from a random table, were included in the study. Their parents/caregivers gave informed consent and completed a questionnaire regarding baseline characteristics and feeding practices at home. The children were then weighed and measured, and the 2007 WHO Growth Reference for school-aged children and adolescents used as reference.    Results  A total of 187 children were included in the study. The combination of underweight, wasting and stunting gave an 18% prevalence of malnutrition in this study. A BMI of less than the fifth percentile occurred in 27% of the pupils. Factors positively associated with malnutrition included: Absence of a fridge and/or running water in the house and low education and/or unemployment of parents. Illness in the previous month was reported by 41% of the malnourished children.    Conclusion  As socio-economic factors that contribute to malnutrition are now known, teachers will be able to identify and refer children with or at risk of malnutrition and indirectly decrease child mortality.

The nutritional status of Grade 1 pupils, in Bloemfontein, South Africa and its association with socio-demographic data