English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is a retrovirus which causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)1, 2. Since its discovery in 1981, HIV/AIDS has emerged as a global health problem3. The prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS has been reported to be 0.8% globally, 5% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 18.8% in South Africa4, 5. The impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic has spurred much research into the disease and its various systemic and ocular complications. Maclean6 first described the ocular manifestations of HIV infection more than 20 years ago. The ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS have been for the most part due to the opportunistic infections and neoplasias that accompany the syndrome7. The evolution of HIV and the appearance of new strains of the virus have however, changed the incidence of the disease with resultant changes in AIDS-related eye diseases and blindness. Research has indicated that anti-retroviral therapy has also modified the clinical progression of the disease8. The HIV virus has been found in the tear film and other ocular structures such as the cornea, vitreous and chorioretinal tissue9. Ocular manifestations have been reported in 70 to 100% of individuals infected with HIV10, 11. The ocular manifestations may involve the adnexae and anterior and posterior segments of the eye. In addition, HIV/ AIDS also presents with orbital and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations11. Anterior segment involvement usually results in tumours and external infections while posterior segment involvement usually results in HIV-retinopathy and a number of opportunistic infections of the retina and the choroid8. Early detection of the ocular manifestations of HIV/ AIDS is critical since these ocular manifestations may be the primary presentation of the systemic infection12. This has implications for the prognosis of the disease. It is difficult to review this topic in one article

Ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS: A literature review* (Part 1)