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Large portions of the Earth's surface have been glaciated several times during the last two million years. The overburden in these areas is made up of glacial drift, which has been laid down by the action of glaciers and their meltwaters, and thereafter subjected to postglacial processes. 1n glacial terrane, therefore, geochemical dispersion can be divided into two main classes, (1) syngenetic dispersion, i.e. principally mechanical or particulate dispersal which took place during glaciation and (2) epigenetic dispersion, i.e. chemical and mechanical dispersion which has taken place after glaciation. In combination these processes may result in intricate geochemical dispersion patterns and anomalies that are diffiCUlt to interpret. The sampling and analytical methods used should, therefore, be those which will disclose anomalies that are genetically not too complex. Interpretation of syngenetic patterns presupposes a thorough knowledge of the glacial history. To obtain meaningful results it is frequently necessary to sample tills in section to the bedrock surface. This often requires heavy equipment, and sampling costs may be relatively high. The analytical methods used should employ rigorous chemical digestion as well as mineralogical determination of resistant minerals. Epigenetic dispersion patterns in glacial overburden can be produced downslope due to metal dispersion in groundwater, or immediately over the bedrock source due to capillary forces, biological activity or gaseous movement of volatile compounds. Mineral deposits in contact with groundwater may act as natural galvanic cells which may result in electrochemical dispersion of metal into the overlying glacial drift. Epigenetic dispersion patterns may be detected in near-surface soils at relatively low sampling costs and by weak chemical extraction. Empirical evidence supporting these principles is provided by published and unpublished data. This paper reviews those data that have appeared in the western literature during the last decade, the intention being to outline the present state of art in utilizing analysis of soil samples as an exploration tool in a glacial terrane. If we are to advance Lhe applicability of soil geochemistry in glaciated environments, more research into dispersion mechanisms is required.

Focus on the use of soils for geochemical exploration in glaciated terrane