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Fluoxetine is a widely used antidepressant frequently found in wastewater treatment plant effluent and in aquatic ecosystems at concentrations below μg/L.1 Numerous studies have explored the sensitivity of invertebrates to waterborne fluoxetine showing marked differences of sensitivity. In a previous study, the New-Zealand mudsnail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, and the European valve snail, Valvata piscinalis, were exposed to waterborne fluoxetine (3.7-100 μg/L) during 42 days. While effects were observed on the mudsnail reproduction and F1, the valve snail was not affected. Several assumptions were proposed to explain these results including dissimilar metabolic capacities or bioavailability of fluoxetine for the snails.2 Indeed, recently, fluoxetine was measured in tissues of mussels Eliptio complanata exposed downstream of a municipal wastewater, assorted with reproductive effects under laboratory experiments.3 Both fluoxetine and norfluoxetine (the active metabolite) have been measured in tissues of fishes sampled or caged in streams downstream of urban and industrialized effluent discharges.4-7 Thus the aim of this study was to asses if differential sensitivity of gastropods snails to fluoxetine could be explained by its bioaccumulation and metabolism into norfluoxetine.

Fluoxetine accumulation and metabolism as exposure biomarker to better understand biological effects in gastropods