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The study was aimed to test the effect of the separation distance between males and females during the preconditioning period on the reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes after the male effect. Santa Inês ewes were kept at distances of 3000 m (T1), 3 m (T2), and 300 m (T3) from rams for 60 days before starting 45-day mating seasons during the dry period (DP) and rainy periods (RP). Mating events were observed daily at 6:00 h and 16:00 h by trained personnel for one hour intervals. Estrous were scored as synchronized when observed until day 5 after breeding season start. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography. In the DP, the first estrous averaged at 15.45±10.36 (T1), 9.25±6.41 (T2) and 13.05±10.24 (T3) days and in RP was 8.73±5.84 (T1), 9.30±5.62 (T2) and 6.10±5.66 (T3) days. All females cycled during both DP and RP. Estrous synchronization occurred in 20% of the females during DP (T1: 30%, T2: 15%, and T3: 15%). In the RP, estrous synchronization occurred in 40% of all females (T1: 30%, T2: 35%, and T3: 45%). The pregnancy rates in DP and RP were T1: 85%, T2: 80%, and T3: 75%. The results show that the male effect can be obtained simply by avoiding physical contact between males and females throughout the year under tropical conditions

The influence of separation distance during the preconditioning period of the male effect approach on reproductive performance in sheep