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[page 139] This is Part II of a special issue, Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, dedicated in memory of our colleague Jeremy Safran (Part I was published in April 2019). For a recollection of the human and professional figure of Jeremy and a contextualization of this special issue in the theoretical, clinical, and research framework on the therapeutic alliance, please refer to our introductory notes in Part I (Lingiardi & Gentile, 2019). All of the contributions (theoretical papers, clinical cases, qualitative and quantitative studies) presented in this second part of the special issue focus on the topic of ruptures and resolutions in the therapeutic alliance. Each paper demonstrates a unique approach, perspective, and methodology. In their introductory paper The sister concepts of the working alliance and the real relationship: on their development, rupture, and repair (2019, pp. 142-149), Gelso and Kline explore areas of agreement with and departure from some of Safran’s key conceptualizations on these topics, focusing on overlaps and distinctions. The authors propose a more limited definition of ruptures, suggesting that, whereas ruptures in the working alliance can generally be repaired for the benefit of the work, ruptures in the real relationship are likely to be more damaging to the treatment. Other papers presented in this issue explore the relevance of the alliance negotiation with patients with depressive (Doležal et al., 2019, pp. 150-164) and personality disorders (Oasi, Maggio, Pacella, & Molgora, 2019, pp. 165-174; Zalman, Aafjes-van Doorn, & Eubanks, 2019, pp. 212-223), with particular reference to the risk of unilateral interruption of treatment. Drop-out represents a significant problem in psychotherapy, in many cases connected to ruptures that are unrecognized or not sufficiently repaired by the clinician. However, repair of the rupture promotes therapeutic change and prevents the risk of impasse and premature interruption of treatment (see, e.g., Eubanks-Carter, Muran, Safran, & Hayes, 2011; Safran, Muran, & Eubanks-Carter, 2011). The study by Doležal et al., Why did she leave? Development of working alliance in a case of psychotherapy for depression (2019, pp. 150-164), provides the case of a 23-year-old female university student treated with short-term dynamic therapy. During the treatment, her symptomatology, quality of life, and social functioning improved. However, despite these therapeutic changes, the patient dropped out and unilaterally cut off contact with her therapist. The authors analyze the ruptures and resolutions in the working alliance demonstrated in three session transcripts to gain insight into the dynamics of the dropout. As widely documented in the literature, personality disordered patients present major difficulties in constructing and maintaining the therapeutic alliance. Such patients represent a great challenge for clinicians, as evidenced by Safran and Muran’s studies (Muran, Safran, Samstag, & Winston, 2005; Muran et al., 2009; Muran, Segal, Samstag, & Crawford, 1994) and confirmed by further research (Bender, 2005; Colli, Gentile, Condino, & Lingiardi, 2019; Smith, Hilsenroth, Fiori, & Bornstein, 2014; Tanzilli, Colli, Gualco, & Lingiardi, 2018). In their qualitative study Dropout and narcissism: an exploratory research about situational factors and personality variables of the psychotherapist (2019, pp. 165-174), Oasi, Maggio, Pacella, and Molgora explore the association between some therapist characteristics (narcissistic dimensions) and the premature termination of therapy in a sample of 20 experienced psychotherapists. The subjective experience of the clinicians is investigated with the Impasse Interview, derived from the Questionnaire on Impasse into Individual Therapy (Hill, Nutt-Williams, Heaton, Thompson, & Rhodes, 1996) and the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (Hendin & Cheek, 1997). Alliance A clinical heritage of empirical research. In memory of Jeremy Safran