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Ostracod assemblages from Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, central Italy), the largest endorheic lake\udin Italy, were investigated relating their species distribution and ecology to modern physical,\udchemical and biological parameters. Nineteen living species were collected in the lake\ud(Darwinula stevensoni, Candona (Candona) candida, Candona (Neglecandona) angulata,\udFabaeformiscandona fabaeformis, Pseudocandona marchica, Cypria ophtalmica, Ilyocypris\udgibba, I. salebrosa, I. getica, Cypridopsis vidua, Eucypris virens, Trajancypris clavata,Herpetocypris helenae, Heterocypris salina, H. incongruens, Isocypris beauchampi, Cyprideis\udtorosa, Limnocythere inopinata, and L. stationis). All the identified species belong to the freshwater\udItalian ostracod fauna but Cyprideis torosa is documented in an oligohaline athalassic\udlacustrine environment in Italy for the first time. The occurrence of Ilyocypris salebrosa\udrepresents the southernmost record in Italy and the westernmost in Eurasia. The recovery of\udLimnocythere stationis represents the westernmost record in Eurasia. The distribution of the\uddifferent ostracods recovered in Lake Trasimeno is linked to the dominant physical and chemical\udparameters for each ecological niche. Physical and chemical data along with substratum type,\udgrain-size and presence of aquatic macrophytes have been related to different ostracods using a\udmultivariate analyses approach (NMDS, CCA, Spearman’s rank correlation test). These results\udallow to differentiate several ecological niches within the lake and indicate that the main\udparameters affecting the ostracod assemblages are the aquatic macrophyte coverage, the Total\udOrganic Carbon (TOC) and, to a lesser extent, temperature and type of substrate. Cyprideis torosa\udand Candona (Neglecandona) angulata have been recovered both in the distal part of the lake\udand in the lakeshore area. In both cases they are associated with scarce or absent aquatic\udmacrophytes and low amounts of TOC. The alternate dominance of these two species in the distal\uddeeper assemblages seems to be mainly linked with the bottom oxygen availability, being C.(N.)\udangulata dominant in the most oxygen-depleted sediments and C. torosa dominant in higher\udoxygen conditions. Along the lakeshore area they are often discovered together with other\udprevailing species, such as Cypridopsis vidua that is common in very shallow to shallow (20-140\udcm) sites with high TOC content, abundant macrophytes and algae, and Limnocythere inopinata,\udwhich dominates slightly deeper areas (around 150-210 cm) where the previous species are\udalmost absent. The Spearman’s rank correlation test showed significant positive correlation\udbetween some ostracods and macrophyte species

Ecology and distribution of living ostracod assemblages in a shallow endorheic lake: the example of the Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, central Italy)