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Our work has the objective to develop and provide a new therapeutic approach to rare respiratory disease with poor prognosis. These diseases are united by the fact of being rare diseases, defined orphan, with a very poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Furthermore, they share the possibility to apply a local treatment with the advantage of decreased unwanted biodistribution and systemic toxicity. Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a disease characterized by fibrotic obliteration of the small airways that occurs in response to inflammatory and immunological insults. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignant tumor that originates from the pleura, strongly associated with environmental exposure to asbestos. Our approach consists in the creation of nanocarriers (gold nanoparticles, GNPs), which can be loaded with specific anti-proliferative drugs, specifically targeted to the cells responsible of the two pathological processes (fibroblastoid-like mesenchymal cells in BO, malignant mesothelioma cells in MPM) and suitable for administration by local street (inhaled or intrapleural). First, we isolated, cultured and phenotyped primary cells from patients from BO and MPM. Once you have identified some targets (CD44 for the BO and CD146 for MPM) we designed a nanotool loaded with the specific drugs (everolimus or pemetrexed) and decorated with monoclonal antibody on the surface. We performed experiments in vitro on primary cultures of pathological cells and we demonstrated that these nanoparticles were able to penetrate specifically in target cells expressing the specific receptor and not in other types of normal cells tested, except for the alveolar macrophage which presented the tendency to absorb the nanoparticles, also the not functionalized ones. The anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory action of these nanoparticles was tested in vitro. We have also conducted experiments in animals to prove the lack of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary toxicity following administration of nanoparticles by inhalation.

LOCAL DELIVERY OF TARGETED NANOPARTICLES AS THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO OBLITERANS BRONCHIOLITIS AND MALIGNANT PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA